What safety integrity level can a 3D ToF sensor reach in safety applications?

Clarify the concept first: the achievable level depends on the architecture and diagnostic capability of the whole safety function, not on a single sensor model. Measured against ISO 13849-1, a single-channel structure with only basic self-diagnostics typically reaches PL c / Cat. 2. Reaching PL d / Cat. 3 requires dual-channel redundancy, such as two independent measurement chains with cross-comparison, plus sufficient diagnostic coverage and safety-related messaging so faults are reported promptly and the system moves to a safe state. Fitting a higher-grade sensor alone does not raise the machine's level. The practical path is to define the safety function and required level, design the architecture and analyse failure modes, then close the loop with verification and validation including end-to-end testing of the safety telegram.